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trace mineral

Description

Only trace amounts of certain minerals are needed for the body to function properly. Nearly all function as coenzymes--substances that work in tandem with enzymes (complex proteins) to speed up chemical reactions in the body. Trace minerals are part of DNA, our genetic material. There are a number of trace minerals, including boron, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, and vanadium. Several particularly important trace minerals--zinc, selenium, magnesium--are discussed separately.

Functions

Taken in supplement form and particularly when a person has a deficiency, certain trace minerals can aid in growth and development. Some promote the formation strong bones and connective tissues, and help to prevent the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis. This strengthening property also protects against strains and sprains. In addition, certain trace minerals are being investigated for their potential to guard against heart disease and control seizures, among other actions. Fluoride is perhaps the best-known trace mineral because of its highly publicized role in keeping teeth strong.

Dietary sources

Trace minerals can be found in many multivitamin and mineral supplements, as well as bone-building formulas.

Required Intakes

No RDA has been established for many of these nutrients because there is not yet enough scientific evidence to establish a requirement.

Cautions

  • Manganese may be toxic to individuals with liver or gallbladder disease.
  • If you are at risk for cancer of the breast or prostate, consult your doctor before trying boron, which can affect hormone levels.
  • Molybdenum can worsen gout symptoms.
  • Most trace minerals don't cause adverse reactions, even when taken in large doses. However, toxic levels of manganese (which has been seen in miners who inhale this metal) can result in severe psychiatric symptoms, violent rages, poor coordination, and stiff muscles. Boron in doses higher than 500 mg a day can provoke nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. High levels of vanadium (more than 10 mg a day) can lead to cramping, diarrhea, and a green tongue.